ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the retrograde contamination of drainage bag outlets,and provide basis for the formulation of related guideline for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management. Methods On October 14,2016,with sterile manipulation,urine,5% glucose solution,glucose normal saline,sterile water,and 0.9% nor-mal saline were injected into anti-reflux drainage bags(anti-reflux group)and common drainage bags(common group)respectively,entrances of bags were sealed and bags were hung in two ways:outlets were 10 cm away from the ground(suspended group)and touched the ground(ground-touching group)respectively,specimens were col-lected from bag outlets to perform bacterial culture every 3 days,a total of 10 times of cultures were performed,re-trograde contamination of drainage bag outlets was observed dynamically.Results Retrograde contamination rate of drainage bag outlets of anti-reflux group was significantly lower than common group(7.7% vs 46.0%,P=0.000);suspended group was significantly lower than ground-touching group(17.9% vs 35.8%,P=0.000). Retrograde contamination rates of outlets of drainage bags filled with different properties of liquid were as follows:urine (54.3%)>5% glucose solution(34.5%)>glucose normal saline(24.3%)>0.9% normal saline(10.8%)>ste-rile water(10.5%),pairwise comparison showed a significant difference(P=0.000).The initial occurrence time of contamination in anti-reflux group and common group was on the 13thday and 7thday respectively,two group was significantly different on the 7thday(P=0.041). There was a medium intensity correlation between the types of drainage bags and liquid properties(PearsonC=0.5).Conclusion Different types of drainage bags,retention time,and liquid property can impact retrograde contamination of drainage bag outlets,regular urine culture during the use of drainage bags should be paid attention in clinical practice,so as to use antimicrobial agents rationally and guide replacement time of drainage bags.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide experimental evidence for development of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) nucleic acid vaccine, HCMV surface protein (gB), membrane protein (pp150), and gB-pp150 fused gene eukaryotic expression vector were constructed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>gB and pp150 genes were amplified and fused into gB-pp150, then were cloned into pcDNA 3.1 (+) to obtain recombinant expression plasmids pcDNA 3.1 (+) -gB, pcDNA 3.1 (+) -pp150 and pcDNA 3.1 (+) -gB-pp150, which were encapsulated with chitosan. Mouse were vaccinated and the humoral and cell immune response were determined by ELISA, specific proliferative response of plenic lymphocytes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The gB, pp150 and gB-pp150 fusion gene eukaryotic expression vector were successfully constructed. The antibodies A value induced by pcDNA3.1(+) -gB or pcDNA3.1 (+) -gB-pp150 were much higher than that of pcDNA3.1 (+) (P < 0.01). The IFN-gamma levels induced by pcDNA3.1 (+) -pp150 and pcDNA3.1 (+) -gB-pp150 were significantly higher than that of pcDNA3.1 (+). There are significant diference between the stimulating indexes of pcDNA3.1(+) -pp150 or pcDNA3.1 (+) -gB-pp150 immunized and normal mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1 (+) -gB can induce significant humoral immunity response, and pcDNA3.1 (+) -pp150 can induce high cellular immune response, whereas pcDNA3.1 (+) -gB-pp150 can induce both humoral and cellar immune responses in BALB/c mice.</p>